Editing techniques

The history of editing
In the editing world there are two ways of editing Linear and non linear.
Linear editing is editing the footage in a predetermined order this was important in early film making of negative and later, tape. Then cutting was harder as they had to use splicers, and sometimes even razors or guillotines. This was a precise practice meaning that if the film was cut or spliced the footage would have to be retaken , however the editors used a copy of the original negative in the edit in to decrease handling damage on the original.

When the tape was introduced the it caused small problem for editors as the footage was no longer encased into frames making cutting a problem.  This fixed in the 60s with the introduction of computerized system which was designed to allow for better playback .
Non - Linear
The non linear editing started in the late years of the 20th century this in because of the evolution of  technology in the 70s and 80s . This  allowed for better play back speeds allowing the video to cut easier.
This was advanced further in the 90 s with the of digital editing..


Tokyo Drift 1
This is a an example of a montage however it is slower but this  is specially done in order to show the amount of time it takes to rebuild a car. Also it was made slower because they had to show that in this process the car won't be perfected on the first try.
This footage also contain a jump which is used to unsettle the audience as well as to cut time out and therefore speed up the narrative of  that scene  .
Tokyo Drift 2
The clip shows a match on action from close to long shot .Meaning that two actions that are related. The idea is that the character's doing the actions needed for the drift and the car drifting. This is done so that action  flows more naturally.
The match meas that the video is cut(when two more section are split in order for the best part of the footage to remain in the footage ) and then put head to head to another clip that the same action in order to keep the viewer intrested.


Tokyo Drift 3
This fragment uses a cross fade in order to show the passage of time in order to show the change in location.Fading is done to show a passage of time as to allow the film to only show the part that are only important to story.

Another good example of a transition is this video .This is a blur however it uses the elements of a whip zoom.Blurring is a way of transitioning footage in order to show a change in location

This  clip also shows a number of establishing shots they use in order to show different locations



Cut to Beat)
Even if the sequence does not cut to the music it starts by cutting to the sound effect using it as a beat meaning that the video is going to be completely synched.












time and multiple points of view Onk Bak

This is a good  example of a way to construct time in a story as well as giving a feeling of speed to a certain sequence . The fast movement of  these cuts give an idea of the true speed speed of this fight . Also the multiple angles are used to show and push forward the skill of the main character.




eye line match Tokyo Drift

This eye line match motivates the audience to the character and therefore makes following the story easier; allowing the audience to get immersed in the film.









The 180 RULE
 This  rule is used while filming in order to allow for an easy identification of the ways characters are siting in a scene  . This is used in order to stop confusion in the audience, however there are a number of genres that break this rule in some scenes eg : Horor .This rule uses an imaginary axis on which the  camera moves when changing if the camera would move from what side or another of the axis this would cause the audience to become confused.





Shot variation

Most types of moving image products have a number of ways  of making the audience remain immersed in the product. This is done done in order for them to be led into the film or advert connecting with the story . Also in films a variation of wide and long shots is used mainly to show action while close up and extreme close ups are used  to intensify the suspense and make it easier to follow as well as connect to the characters through reaction shots.







Providing and withholding
In The Fast And The Furious Dominic did not know that Brian was a policeman . However this fact was known to the audience. This method of connecting to the audience was used in order to give more suspense to the story ; Withholding what will happen if Dom finds out this technique is also use in order to create suspenxse

Cross Cutting
The process of cutting a journey between two characters or a character and an object into the final product.This is in order to make it suspenseful and make the audience expect a collision between
them .


Cutaways.
A cutaway is when using a different image in order to mask any errors in the footage .This could be in fight scenes when two pieces of footage do not match, then a cut away to the crowds response could be used in order to mask the error.

cutting is the way of taking a section of footage and pasting next to another in order to create a narrative. This techniques also works as a way of pacing the videos and making sure that everything is in line including the audio.

Dissolves
dissolve happens when two videos overlap and is used in order to show a passage of time . This is effect is create by modifying sections of clips opacity an overlapping over each other in order for the clips to merge











Fade

fades are used to show a longer period of time than a dissolve.This usually means that the footage fades into another piece of footage or fades to black.














Wipe
 a wipe is an old way of transitioning from one scene to another. This is usually seen in films such as Star Wars where the narrative happens over a long period of time. This allows for the audience to remain focused on the subject matter of the film without losing any information.